Mokhtari, E. and Farhadnejad, H. and Salehi-Sahlabadi, A. and Najibi, N. and Azadi, M. and Teymoori, F. and Mirmiran, P. (2021) Spinach consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among adults: a case�control study. BMC Gastroenterology, 21 (1).
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Abstract
Background: Spinach has high antioxidants and polyphenols and showed protective effects against liver diseases in experimental studies. We aimed to assess the association between dietary intake of spinach and odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a case�control study among Iranian adults. Methods: Totally 225 newly diagnosed NAFLD patients and 450 controls, aged 20�60 years, were recruited in this study. Participants� dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The logistic regression test was used for assessing the association between total, raw, and boiled dietary spinach with the odds of NAFLD. Results: The mean (SD) age and BMI of participants (53 male) were 38.1 (8.8) years and 26.8 (4.3) kg/m2, respectively. In the final adjusted model for potential confounders, the odds (95 CI) of NAFLD in individuals in the highest tertile of daily total and raw spinach intake was 0.36 (0.19�0.71), P_trend = 0.001 and 0.47 (0.24�0.89), P_trend = 0.008, respectively compared with those in the lowest tertile. Furthermore, in the adjusted analyses, an inverse association was observed between the highest yearly intake versus no raw spinach consumption and odds of NAFLD (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.18�0.96), P for trend = 0.013. However, there was no significant association between higher boiled spinach intake and odds of NAFLD. Conclusions: The present study found an inverse association between total and raw spinach intake with the odds of NAFLD. © 2021, The Author(s).
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | cited By 0 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | adult; case control study; diet; female; human; Iran; male; middle aged; nonalcoholic fatty liver; spinach; young adult, Adult; Case-Control Studies; Diet; Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Spinacia oleracea; Young Adult |
| Subjects: | WB Practice of Medicine WI Digestive System |
| Depositing User: | eprints admin |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Aug 2021 06:18 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Aug 2021 06:18 |
| URI: | http://eprints.iums.ac.ir/id/eprint/38866 |
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