Intentional injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990�2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study

Mokdad, A.H. and Moradi-Lakeh, M. and Charara, R. and El Bcheraoui, C. and Khalil, I. and Afshin, A. and Kassebaum, N.J. and Collison, M. and Chew, A. and Krohn, K.J. and Daoud, F. and Colombara, D. and Graetz, N. and Kutz, M. and Wang, H. and Abd-Allah, F. and Abu-Raddad, L.J. and Ahmad Kiadaliri, A. and Beshir Ahmed, M. and Alam, K. and Alghnam, S. and Alizadeh-Navaei, R. and Al-Raddadi, R. and Altirkawi, K.A. and Anber, N. and Anwari, P. and Avila-Burgos, L. and Awasthi, A. and Barac, A. and Barker-Collo, S.L. and Bedi, N. and Bhutta, Z.A. and Borschmann, R. and Boufous, S. and Butt, Z.A. and Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. and Dalal, K. and Danawi, H. and De Leo, D. and Dharmaratne, S.D. and Djalalinia, S. and Doyle, K.E. and Esteghamati, A. and Faro, A. and Farvid, M.S. and Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. and Fischer, F. and Tewelde Gebrehiwot, T. and Gutiérrez, R.A. and Hafezi-Nejad, N. and Ribhi Hamadeh, R. and Hamidi, S. and Maria Haro, J. and Hendrie, D. and Hu, G. and Jonas, J.B. and Kasaeian, A. and Njenga Keiyoro, P. and Saleh Khader, Y. and Ahmad Khan, E. and Khubchandani, J. and Kopec, J.A. and Larson, H.J. and Abdul Latif, A. and Tesema Leshargie, C. and Lunevicius, R. and Magdy Abd El Razek, M. and Majeed, A. and Malekzadeh, R. and Memish, Z.A. and Meretoja, T.J. and Miller, T.R. and Mohammed, S. and Makhlouf Obermeyer, C. and Akpojene Ogbo, F. and Robert Phillips, M. and Pourmalek, F. and Qorbani, M. and Radfar, A. and Rafay, A. and Rahimi-Movaghar, A. and Rahimi-Movaghar, V. and Kumar Rai, R. and Laith Rawaf, D. and Rawaf, S. and Rezaei, S. and Sadegh Rezai, M. and Roshandel, G. and Safdarian, M. and Safiri, S. and Salamati, P. and Samy, A.M. and Sartorius, B. and Seedat, S. and Sepanlou, S.G. and Ali Shaikh, M. and Sobaih, B.H.A. and Tabb, K.M. and Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. and Temsah, M.-H. and Sulieman Terkawi, A. and Topor-Madry, R. and Nnanna Ukwaja, K. and Uthman, O.A. and Yaseri, M. and Yonemoto, N. and Younis, M.Z. and Jumaan, A.O. and Vos, T. and Hay, S.I. and Naghavi, M. and Murray, C.J.L. and Collaborators, GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Intentional Injuries (2018) Intentional injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990�2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health, 63. pp. 39-46.

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Abstract

Objectives: We used GBD 2015 findings to measure the burden of intentional injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) between 1990 and 2015. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study defines intentional injuries as a combination of self-harm (including suicide), interpersonal violence, collective violence (war), and legal intervention. We estimated number of deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for each type of intentional injuries. Results: In 2015, 28,695 individuals (95 UI: 25,474�37,832) died from self-harm, 35,626 (95 UI: 20,947�41,857) from interpersonal violence, and 143,858 (95 UI: 63,554�223,092) from collective violence and legal interventions. In 2015, collective violence and legal intervention was the fifth-leading cause of DALYs in the EMR and the leading cause in Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya; they account for 49.7 of total DALYs in Syria. Conclusions: Our findings call for increased efforts to stabilize the region and assist in rebuilding the health systems, as well as increasing transparency and employing preventive strategies to reduce self-harm and interpersonal injuries. © 2017, The Author(s).

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